INVESTIGATING THE READING DIFFICULTY OF PUPILS IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN NIGERIA: WHAT ARE THE ROOT CAUSES?

Abstract

The study investigated factors causing reading difficulty among pupils in public primary schools, focusing on Abadina Primary School, University of Ibadan. Using a descriptive survey design, the study included 56 pupils initially identified by their teachers as having reading difficulties. Thirty-three (10 Primary Four and 23 Primary Five pupils) were confirmed after screening with the "Reading Ability Index Screening Scale". The Reading Difficulty Checklist was the primary instrument for data collection. The study examined cognitive, biological/physiological, and psychological factors related to reading difficulties. Parental and pupil consents were obtained through the school management. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results revealed that the major causes of reading difficulty in the pupils are the cognitive factors. The study concluded that inadequate cognitive abilities significantly influenced pupils’ reading difficulties. The study recommends children’s early exposure to reading activities at home and regular school engagement to help them in developing cognitive abilities and eliminating reading difficulties.